Laboratory procedures strictly adhere to International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) quality standards:
Aggarwal, P.K., Aráguas-Aráguas, L., Kulkarni, K.M., Kurttas, T., Newman, B.D. and A. Tanweer, 2009. Laser Spectroscopic Analysis of Liquid Water Samples for Stable Hydrogen and Oxygen Isotopes, IAEA Training Series No.35, 36p., Vienna, Austria. (www.iaea.org/topics/water)
Maximum analytical uncertainties are ±2‰ for Deuterium (2H) and ±0.3‰ for Oxygen-18 (18O). All reported analytical values are normalized to the VSMOW2-SLAP2 international reference scale.
| Sample Type (18O & 2H Analysis in Water) | Unit Price (2026) |
|---|---|
| Clean Fresh Water Sample (Clear/odorless / EC25ºC < 4000 µS/cm) |
3,150 TL / sample |
| Polluted / Saline Water Sample (Turbid / EC25ºC < 60,000 µS/cm / pH < 4 or pH > 9) |
3,650 TL / sample |
| Highly Polluted / Highly Saline / Brine Sample (Highly turbid / EC25ºC > 60,000 µS/cm) |
5,100 TL / sample |
Natural water samples should be collected as close to the source as possible (IAEA, 2017). Well sampling requires purging at least three well volumes prior to collection. Snow samples must thaw naturally at room temperature away from sunlight. Precipitation collection should follow GNIP manuals (Precipitation Sampling Document).
Samples must be stored in 50 ml clean plastic or glass bottles, filled completely to eliminate air bubbles, tightly sealed, protected from heat/sunlight, and delivered promptly.